Explain the mechanism that Natural extracts of resveratrol are better absorbed than synthetic versions. It involves the following biomolecular factors:

Explain the mechanism that Natural extracts of resveratrol are better absorbed than synthetic versions. It involves the following biomolecular factors:

Biomolecular mechanisms that make “Natural Extract” have bioavailability Higher than synthetic resveratrol

Phytochemical Matrix Effect (effect of combined phytochemicals)

Mulberry (Morus spp.) extract contains not only resveratrol, but also:

Anthocyanins

Quercetin

Catechins

Oligomeric polyphenols

These substances can:

Helps inhibit phase 2 metabolic enzymes such as

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)

Sulfotransferase (SULT)

This normally causes resveratrol to be converted to

resveratrol-glucuronide

resveratrol-sulfate

This partial inhibition causes free resveratrol to remain in the bloodstream longer.

Transporter Modulation (regulation of protein transport in the intestine)

In the small intestine, there are transport proteins such as:

P-glycoprotein (P-gp)

MRP2 (Multidrug Resistance Protein)

Polyphenols from mulberry may:

Reduces the activity of efflux transporters

Reduces "pumping back" substances out of the intestinal cells.

The result is: → Increases the amount that passes into the bloodstream.

Solubility & Micelle Formation (dissolution and absorption through cell membranes)

Resveratrol is a substance that:

Low water solubility

Soluble in fat well

In natural extracts there will be:

Phospholipids from plants

natural sugar

Other polyphenolic substances

These things help:

Increases micelle formation

Increases the ability to diffuse through the lipid bilayer.

Makes it better absorbed through the enterocyte.

Isomer Stability (stability of molecular structure)

Resveratrol comes in 2 forms:

trans-resveratrol (highly effective)

cis-resveratrol (lower effect)

In nature (such as fresh mulberries), they are found primarily in trans form.

If the synthesis process or storage is not done well, it may occur:

isomerization

oxidation

which reduces biological efficiency

Gut Microbiome Interaction (microorganisms in the gut)

Natural extracts contain many polyphenols.

This:

Stimulates certain types of microbiota

affect the change Resveratrol is a more bioavailable metabolite such as dihydroresveratrol, thus increasing systemic availability.