A comprehensive review of the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in ischemic stroke.
A comprehensive review of the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in ischemic stroke.
A comprehensive review on the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in ischemic stroke
Abstract:
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability in the world. Worldwide, 68% of all strokes are ischemic and 32% are hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke (IS) poses enormous challenges worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective treatment strategies. Stroke is one of the most serious diseases. Its main functions involve the nervous and immune systems, inflammation, and oxidative stress in many complex pathways of cerebrovascular disease. Secondary brain damage is caused by the early inflammatory activity that occurs after cerebral ischemia. This is caused by over-stimulation of microglia in that area. and infiltration of monocytes and macrophages circulating in the bloodstream. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in red grapes and mulberries Shows potential as a neuroprotective agent in stroke. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the neuroprotective role of resveratrol in stroke. Emphasis is placed on the mechanism of action and treatment potential. Resveratrol exerts its neuroprotective effects by stimulating the nuclear factor erythroid pathway. 2-Related factor 2 (NRF2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol stimulates the removal of acetyl groups and activation of downstream targets such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and forkhead box protein O (FOXO), which regulates mitochondrial formation. Antioxidant protection and cellular stress response. Therefore, resveratrol promotes cell survival and inhibits apoptosis in acute ischemia. Moreover, Resveratrol also activates the NRF2 pathway, which is a key mediator of the cellular antioxidant response. Stimulating NRF2 through resveratrol increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which helps scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the ischemic brain. The combined activation of SIRT1 and NRF2 pathways contributes to resveratrol's neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia. Studies have shown that resveratrol improves functional outcomes. Reduce the size of damaged tissue Controls blood flow in the brain and maintain the integrity of nerve cells A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms holds hope for the development of targeted treatments to promote neuronal survival and facilitate functional recovery in patients with cerebral ischemia. and to assist in future studies in this matter.