Soybean milk is made mainly from soybeans. which is high in protein and beneficial to health But the taste of soybean curd made from soybeans is just...

Soybean milk is made mainly from soybeans. which is high in protein and beneficial to health But the taste of soybean milk made from only soybeans will be “unpalatable” because of its astringent taste and soybean smell.

Therefore, it is popular among soybean sellers. Mix in ground peanuts as well. To help increase the fragrance and oiliness Because peanuts are an oilseed plant that is high in fat. When mixed into soybean milk, it will make the taste mellow and fragrant.

The next problem is ground peanuts. Found contaminated with the carcinogenic aflatoxin 100% from both wholesale markets. and retail market The amount is 20 -30 times higher than international standards.

Summary of the main points of the article “The Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Tumor-Related Genes and Phenotypic Characters of MCF7 and MCF10A Cells” is as follows:

The essence of the article

1. Background

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxin from the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus that are commonly found as contaminants in dried foods such as peanuts, spices, dried chilies, and cayenne pepper.

It is the most carcinogenic of all mycotoxins because it can penetrate the body, bind to DNA and cause severe mutations.

2. Purpose

Studied the effect of AFB1 on breast cancer cells (MCF7) and normal breast cells (MCF10A).

Focuses on changes in both phenotypic (morphology, cell cycle, migration) and expression of cancer-related genes such as p53, BRCA1/2, HER1/2, cMyc, BCL2, MCL1.

3. Main experimental results

Cytotoxicity (Cytotoxicity):

AFB1 decreased the survival of both cell types in a concentration-dependent manner. and stimulate apoptosis.

ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species levels are decreased, which contradicts some research that has found that they tend to increase.

Phenotypic changes:

Cell-cycle arrest occurs at the G1 stage.

enlarged cells (hypertrophy)

The rate of cell movement increases. (which is related to the invasion and spread of cancer)

Gene expression:

MCF7 (cancer cells):

BRCA2 and p53 increased, BRCA1 decreased.

HER1/HER2 decreased, cMyc increased.

MAPK1 and WNT3A increased, but CCND1 and MAPK3 decreased.

BCL2 and DAPK1 increased, MCL1 and Casp8 decreased.

MCF10A (normal cell):

BRCA1/2 and p53 were clearly decreased.

HER1, HER2, cMyc decreased

MAPK1 increased, MAPK3 and CCND1 decreased.

Apoptosis genes such as BCL2, Casp8, Casp9 increased.

4. Summary and key findings

AFB1 affects tumor suppressors, oncogenes, cell cycle genes, and apoptosis genes.

Causes cell cycle arrest, shape changes, and increased cell motility.

Collectively, these results suggest that AFB1 is a risk factor for breast cancer.

The article proposes that AFB1 should be considered a Carcinogens associated with breast cancer, as well as confirmed liver cancer