Explain this picture from the article Potential Therapeutic Targets of Resveratrol, a Plant Polyphenol, and Its Role in the Therapy o...

Explain this image from the article Potential Therapeutic Targets of Resveratrol, a Plant Polyphenol, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer.

Diagram summarizing the mechanism of action of resveratrol. to inhibit cancer It has been shown to work through several cell signaling pathways, including:

Important mechanism that resveratrol has on cancer cells

1. Cell cycle arrest

Resveratrol causes cancer cells to stop dividing (cell cycle arrest).

It slows down the growth of cancerous tumors.

2. Induction of apoptosis

Stimulates apoptosis of cancer cells

Through increasing the activity of Bax, Bak, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9

Reduces the activity of Bcl-2 (a protein that helps cells survive).

3. Inhibits the creation of new blood vessels. (Anti-angiogenesis)

Reduced expression of VEGF and MMPs

Causes cancer cells to lack blood and nutrients → Inhibits metastasis

4. Anti-inflammatory (Anti-inflammatory effect)

Reduces NO (Nitric Oxide) production and NF-κB activity.

Resulting in reducing inflammation which is related to the occurrence and progression of cancer

5. Antioxidant effect

Reduce oxidative stress (Oxidative stress)

Increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes → reduce DNA mutations

6. Inhibits cancer cell survival signal pathways.

Reduces the activity of Mcl-1 pathway and PI3K/Akt pathway

This makes cancer cells unable to survive and continue to grow.

7. Inhibits STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription)

Turn off genes involved in the survival and division of cancer cells.

Summary of the meaning of the picture

This picture suggests that resveratrol It has many anti-cancer effects at the same time, including:

Stop the cell cycle (cell cycle arrest)

stimulate apoptosis

inhibits angiogenesis

Reduce inflammation and free radicals

Blocks signaling pathways important for cancer cell survival (PI3K/Akt, Mcl-1, STAT, NF-κB)

Therefore, resveratrol does not have just one effect, but works on multiple targets. (multi-targeted action) which is an important feature in cancer management.