Sirtuin longevity genes are a group of genes that play an important role in regulating lifespan. Burning energy answers...

Sirtuin longevity genes are a group of genes that play an important role in regulating lifespan. energy metabolism Cellular stress response and DNA repair It is linked to the process of longevity and diseases related to aging such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, etc.

Overview of the Sirtuin gene family (SIRTs)

It is an enzyme that has NAD+ -dependent deacetylase activity (or some species have mono-ADP ribosyltransferase activity).

There are 7 in humans: SIRT1 to SIRT7.

Found in various locations in the cell such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria.

related to Slowing cell aging, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and gene expression

Details of SIRT1 – SIRT7

Gene name, location on chromosome Location in cell Main function

SIRT1 Chr 10q21.3 Nucleus and Cytoplasm - Regulates the aging process - Activates p53, FOXO, PGC-1α - Plays a role in metabolism, inflammation, and DNA repair - Involved in the effects of calorie restriction

SIRT2 Chr 19q13.32 Cytoplasm - Cell cycle regulator - Involved in gene expression during mitosis - May play a role in protecting against neurological diseases such as Parkinson's

SIRT3 Chr 11p15.5 Mitochondria - is the main deacetylase in mitochondria - regulates enzymes involved in energy metabolism - reduces oxidative stress

SIRT4 Chr 12q24.31 Mitochondria - has mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity - inhibits enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism - plays a role in regulating energy balance

SIRT5 Chr 6p23 Mitochondria - has demalonylase and desuccinylase activity - controls the activity of enzymes related to the urea cycle - helps clear waste (ammonia) from cells

SIRT6 Chr 19p13.3 Nucleus - involved in DNA repair - prevents telomere shortening - plays a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism
- affects lifespan in laboratory animals

SIRT7 Chr 17q25.3 Nucleolus - involved in regulating ribosomal RNA transcription - promotes protein production - plays a role in the nuclear stress response

Summary of Sirtuins' Importance

SIRT1 is the most studied gene. and is clearly linked to longevity

SIRT3–5 plays a role in mitochondria and is thus involved in energy production and oxidative stress.

SIRT6 and SIRT7 have roles in the nucleus. especially in the process Maintain genome stability

‐‐---------------------------------------

Stimulating the SIRT1 - SIRT7 genes with resveratrol extracted from Mulberry is one of the biomolecular mechanisms that have received great interest in research on anti-aging and health promotion. The important details are as follows:

The biomolecular mechanism of resveratrol that activates SIRT1 – SIRT7.

1. Resveratrol is a direct stimulant of SIRT1 (Direct Activation).

Resveratrol can bind to the SIRT1 protein and change its structure (allosteric modulation) to make SIRT1 more active.

SIRT1 deacetylates proteins involved in cell survival, such as p53, FOXO, and PGC-1α, which affect the regulation of lifespan, metabolism, and stress tolerance.

2. Increase NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) levels.

Resveratrol stimulates the activity of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) → causing cells to create more NAD⁺.

All sirtuins (SIRT1–SIRT7) require NAD⁺ as a cofactor to function → When NAD⁺ increases, SIRT1–7 works more efficiently.

3. Reduces inflammation and oxidative stress

Resveratrol reduces ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and reduces levels of NF-κB, a protein that stimulates inflammation.

Reducing inflammation results in sirtuin genes being activated in optimal conditions.

The specific role of resveratrol on SIRT1 – SIRT7

SIRT gene results from resveratrol

SIRT1 directly stimulates → controls aging, metabolism, inflammation, and DNA repair.

SIRT2 is not known to be directly stimulated by resveratrol, but it is indirectly influenced by the AMPK/NAD⁺ pathway.

SIRT3 is stimulated by NAD⁺ → increases enzyme activity in the mitochondria → reduces oxidative stress.

SIRT4 has an indirect effect by increasing NAD⁺ → regulating energy balance within cells.

SIRT5 increases the regulation of the urea cycle and the elimination of toxins (ammonia) in the mitochondria.

SIRT6 expression increases in the presence of resveratrol → prevents telomere shortening and DNA repair.

SIRT7 has an indirect effect through a better cellular environment → regulating protein production and managing stress in the nucleus.

Important substances in mulberry that supports this mechanism

Resveratrol: the main activator of SIRT1.

Quercetin, Anthocyanins: have antioxidant effects. Reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, which supports the function of Sirtuins.

Other Flavonoids: Help enhance the effect of working with resveratrol.

Summary:

> Resveratrol from Mulberry Helps stimulate the activity of SIRT1–SIRT7 genes through direct SIRT1 stimulation, increasing NAD⁺, and adjusting cell conditions to suit the activity of genes related to Longevity, DNA repair, energy metabolism, and cell aging resistance