Avoid getting cancer You must have good enough knowledge for strengthening your mitochondria. (mitochondria biogenesis) and avoid getting...

Avoid getting cancer You must have good enough knowledge for strengthening your mitochondria. (mitochondria biogenesis) and avoid exposure to the carcinogen aflatoxin that is contaminated in the food that is eaten every day

Negative Effects of Aflatoxin on Mitochondria: Deep Causes of Carcinogenicity

1. Overview of Aflatoxin

Aflatoxins are toxins from the species Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus that commonly contaminate foods such as beans, chili powder, coffee, and other grains. Especially when stored in humid and hot places, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic type. and is classified as a human carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO).

2. Mechanism by which aflatoxin destroys mitochondria.

Mitochondria are the cell's main source of energy (ATP) and play an important role in regulating apoptosis. It causes an imbalance in the energy and control systems within the cell. This is where mutations and cancer begin.

Aflatoxin affects the mitochondria as follows:

1. Reduce the number of mitochondria. (Mitochondrial Biogenesis Disruption)

Aflatoxin B1 inhibits key genes in the formation of mitochondria, such as PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM.

This causes the number of mitochondria in the cell to decrease. This results in insufficient ATP production and the cell enters a state of stress.

2. Destroys the structure and membrane of the mitochondria.

Aflatoxin causes leakage of the mitochondrial membrane. This causes the protein cytochrome C (cytochrome c) to leak, which triggers the process of apoptosis (cell death).

Resulting in good cells Unnecessarily damaged or killed

3. Stimulate the production of free radicals (ROS) at high levels.

Damaged mitochondria release excessive ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species).

ROS damages DNA, proteins, and lipids in cells. This leads to mutations and the development of cancer in the long run.

4. Mutation of mtDNA (Mitochondrial DNA Damage)

Aflatoxin can bind to mtDNA and cause mutations. As a result, the mitochondria produce abnormal proteins.

mtDNA mutations are also associated with loss of the ability to control cell death. and increase the risk of developing tumors

3. Relationship with cancer

When the mitochondria malfunction due to aflatoxin poisoning. Will cause the cell to enter a state:

Lack of energy (ATP depletion)

Accumulated genetic damage (genomic instability)

Reduces abnormal cell death (defective apoptosis)

All of these conditions are the "roots" of cancer. especially liver cancer This is the organ that is most exposed to aflatoxin due to the metabolism of the toxin.

4. Summary

> From new knowledge that points out Decreased number and impaired function of mitochondria are the starting point for cancer. Aflatoxin is therefore not only a direct carcinogen through DNA mutation but also damages the mitochondria. Both in terms of structure, function and genetics, resulting in cells with a high tendency to eventually develop into cancer cells.