Biological mechanisms of resveratrol (Resveratrol) extracted from mulberry fruit To delay aging and chronic diseases related to age...

Biological mechanisms of resveratrol (Resveratrol) extracted from mulberry fruit To delay aging and age-related chronic diseases It can be explained as follows:

1. Antioxidant Mechanism (Antioxidant Activity)

- Reduces oxidative stress: Resveratrol is a polyphenol that has direct antioxidant effects. Helps eliminate free radicals (ROS) that are generated from energy metabolism in the mitochondria. which accumulates as age increases and destroys DNA, lipids, and proteins

- Stimulates the antioxidant system within cells: increases glutathione production. (Glutathione) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase through stimulating the Nrf2/ARE (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Antioxidant Response Element) pathway.

2. Stimulate sirtuins, especially SIRT1.

- Extends cell life and repairs DNA: SIRT1 is a protein in the deacetylase family. (Deacetylase) that controls the expression of genes related to lifespan. Resveratrol stimulates SIRT1, causing deacetylation of its targets such as p53 and FOXO, resulting in improved cell stress resistance and DNA repair.

- Regulates metabolism: SIRT1 controls mitochondrial function and energy use. Especially in situations of energy shortage (Caloric Restriction) which is related to slowing down aging.

3. Strengthen the function of mitochondria. (Mitochondrial Biogenesis)

- Activates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway: Resveratrol stimulates the enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates energy balance in cells. AMPK stimulates PGC-1α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha), increasing the creation of new mitochondria. (Mitochondrial Biogenesis) and improve the efficiency of energy production (ATP), reduce the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria.

4. Anti-inflammatory mechanism (Anti-Inflammatory Effects)

- Inhibits NF-κB: Resveratrol inhibits the activity of NF-κB (Nuclear Factor Kappa B), which is an important mediator in the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, reducing chronic inflammation (Chronic Inflammation) linked to osteoarthritis, heart disease, and neurological diseases.

- Balance the microbiome: affects the microorganisms in the intestines (Gut Microbiota), reducing the production of toxins that stimulate inflammation.

5. Stimulate the autophagy process (Autophagy)

- Eliminates damaged cellular components: Resveratrol stimulates autophagy through the mTOR and AMPK pathways, helping cells eliminate damaged organelles and proteins that accumulate with age, such as abnormal mitochondria or misfolded proteins, which are associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

6. Protect telomeres (Telomere Maintenance)

- Delays telomere shortening: Telomeres are the ends of chromosomes that shorten every time cells divide. Resveratrol stimulates the enzyme telomerase through activating SIRT1, helping to maintain telomere length and delay cell aging.

7. Effects on chronic diseases that come with age

cardiovascular disease (Cardiovascular Diseases)

- Improves endothelium function: increases Nitric Oxide production, causing blood vessels to expand. Lower blood pressure

- Inhibits LDL oxidation: reduces plaque buildup in arteries. (Atherosclerosis)

Neuropathy (Neurodegenerative Diseases)

- Reduce amyloid-beta accumulation. (Amyloid-Beta): in Alzheimer's disease Resveratrol inhibits the aggregation of toxic peptides.

- Protects neurons: through mechanisms that reduce free radicals and inflammation.

Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome (Diabetes/Metabolic Syndrome)

- Increases insulin sensitivity: stimulates AMPK and SIRT1, helping cells to absorb glucose better.

- Reduce fat accumulation in the liver: balance fat and glucose metabolism.

Summary:

Resveratrol, extracted from mulberry fruit, works through multiple mechanisms. Both antioxidants stimulate sirtuins Strengthen the mitochondria anti-inflammatory stimulate autophagy and protect telomeres Helps slow down cell degeneration and reduce the risk of chronic disease.