Mechanism of inflammation throughout the body from PM2.5 dust
Mechanism of inflammation throughout the body from PM2.5 dust
Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) can enter the respiratory system and bloodstream. Resulting in inflammation throughout the body through the following main mechanisms:
1. Stimulate oxidation reactions (Oxidative Stress)
PM2.5 dust contains elements that are heavy metals and toxins that cause free radicals (Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS).
ROS cause cells to experience oxidative stress, which damages cell membranes and DNA.
Accumulation of ROS leads to inflammation and cell death.
2. Stimulates the immune system and inflammation
When PM2.5 is detected by immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β are secreted.
These substances signal inflammation. Affects the cardiovascular system
3. Stimulates blood clotting and increases the risk of heart disease.
PM2.5 causes inflammation in the lining of blood vessels. (endothelium)
Increases the secretion of substances that stimulate blood clotting such as fibrinogen and thrombin.
Increases the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.
4. Affects the brain and nervous system
PM2.5 can enter the brain through the olfactory and vagus nerves.
It stimulates nerve cell inflammation and increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
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Reducing the effects of PM2.5 dust with resveratrol (Resveratrol)
Resveratrol is an antioxidant found in some plants. It has the ability to help reduce the impact of PM2.5 through the following mechanisms.
1. Antioxidant Activity
Resveratrol reduces ROS and protects against oxidative stress.
It protects cell membranes and DNA from damage.
2. Reduce inflammation (Anti-inflammatory Effect)
Reduces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
Prevents inflammation of the lining of blood vessels. Reduce the risk of heart disease
3. Protect the cardiovascular system
Helps expand blood vessels and reduce blood clotting.
Reduce the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.
4. Protect the brain and nervous system
Reduces inflammation of nerve cells and reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Prevent dementia from air pollution
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Summary
PM2.5 causes inflammation throughout the body through the mechanism of oxidative stress Immune stimulation and blood clotting which increases the risk of many chronic diseases, while resveratrol has antioxidant effects anti-inflammatory and protects the heart and brain system This helps reduce the impact of PM2.5 air pollution.